Which factor primarily determines the vehicle registration fee for heavy vehicles?

The primary factor that determines the vehicle registration fee for heavy vehicles is the Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW). This is because the registration fees are often structured around the weight of the vehicle, reflecting the additional wear and tear heavier vehicles may impose on roads and infrastructure. Heavier vehicles typically require more robust road maintenance and safety considerations, so the fee is designed to offset those costs.

In contrast, other factors such as vehicle age, color, or type of engine do not have the same direct correlation with the costs associated with road usage and infrastructure. Vehicle age might affect depreciation but isn’t the primary basis for fees. Vehicle color is largely irrelevant to registration fees as it involves personal preference rather than functional requirements. The type of engine may influence emissions and compliance with environmental regulations but does not usually dictate the registration fee structure. Therefore, GVW stands out as the most relevant and impactful factor in determining those costs for heavy vehicles.